As I have argued elsewhere green management matters regardless.
see Alfred, A. Marcus, and R. Fremeth Adam. "Green management matters regardless." Academy of Management Perspectives 23, no. 3 (2009): 17-26.
And in our recent review of empirical studies we show that without government regulation, progress does not happen. Corporate environmentalism that is voluntary in nature as many have pointed out is insufficient. By now, this should be obvious.
Aragon-Correa, J. A., Marcus, A. A., & Vogel, D. (2020). The effects of mandatory and voluntary regulatory pressures on firms' environmental strategies: A review and recommendations for future research. Academy of Management Annals, 14(1), 339-365.
" Although mandatory regulation typically has a strong and positive influence on firms' environmental performance, studies of the effects of voluntary pressures demonstrate that by themselves they are unlikely to bring about significant improvement in environmental outcomes. Accordingly, future research should focus on the complementary impacts of mandatory and voluntary programs on organizations' environmental strategies and performance rather than analyzing their separate influence. Scholars should examine i) more than a single environmental pressure at a given time, ii) more than one response to the regulatory context, iii) the synergy between mandatory and voluntary pressures, iv) the impact of imperfect enforcement, and v) the political influence corporations exert on the mandatory and voluntary pressures that affect them. This essay argues that managers react to environmental regulations in different ways depending on how they understand the multiple pressures that they confront and their opportunities to influence the outcomes."
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See my books
AA Marcus - Cambridge Books, 2019
Buy here:
Managing Business Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions
Alfred Marcus and Tim Hargrave
Alfred A. Marcus
Professor and Spencer Chair in Strategy and Technological Leadership
University of Minnesota
Carlson School of Management
Department of Strategic Management and Entrepreneurship
Minneapolis, MN. 55455 USA
612 224 4533 (mobile)